Understanding pre-residency abortion training pathways and career choices in the United States: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Many factors contribute to the decision to provide abortion in the United States. We aim to describe pre-residency experiences and decisions that contribute to choosing a career as an abortion provider in the United States. METHODS: We conducted 60-min semi-structured telephone interviews with 34 current abortion care providers about their career trajectories, decision-making and planning. Interviews were transcribed and coded by three members of the research team using thematic analysis. RESULTS: A majority of the participants considered (73.5%, n=25) and firmly committed (62.8%, n=22) to providing abortion care prior to entering residency. They described important professional experiences with women's health and reproductive rights, as well as personal experiences with abortion care, all of which inspired them to seek out abortion training during medical school and residency. Participants also described a dearth of mentors or role models until late in training, especially for family physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the decision to provide abortion care is often made prior to residency training, before or during medical school, so additional support may be needed to promote exposure to abortion care during undergraduate medical education or even before. Further, there is a need for improved mentorship and role modelling during these periods, especially for family physicians. This may be especially critical after the overturn of Roe v Wade, as medical schools in restrictive states may not be able to provide abortions to patients, depriving students of role models who are abortion providers.

Pediatric Dysphonia and the Access to Voice Therapy: A Study in Speech Therapy Services Available in a Capital City in the Northeast of Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: Defining the laryngeal and vocal alterations in the pediatric group studied in private speech therapy facilities; and estimating the time period between the problem being identified by the parents and the access to the proper provided services. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical observational research with data collected from medical records by the speech therapist of each private facility. A written form was prepared and sent to the speech therapists of the 40 existing facilities. We received 124 of them from the pediatric group being assisted in 15 of the facilities. The form included questions about gender, age, vocal complaints; general degree of dysphonia; otorhinolaryngological diagnosis of vocal fold alterations; the age that the problem was identified by the parents and the beginning of speech therapy. The larynx was examined by videonasopharyngolaryngoscopy, and voice quality by auditory-perceptual assessment. RESULTS: The time period between the identification of the participant's dysphonia by the parents and the start of speech therapy was considered long (3.5years). The group showed variance in the proportion of nodule and cyst between genders. The highest prevalence of nodules occurred in boys; and the cyst in girls. Moderate general dysphonia occurred between 4 and 17years old, average age of 7years and 7months, with greater distribution between 5 and 10years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The average time delay until the start of speech therapy was 3.5years, more frequently in the 5-10years group and due to nodules in boys and cysts in girls.

Diagnóstico situacional de hardiness em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário: estudo quantitativo / Situational diagnosis of hardiness in nursing professionals of a university hospital: a quantitative study

O tema deste estudo trata-se da elaboração de um diagnóstico situacional do profissional de Enfermagem de um hospital universitário em relação à personalidade resistente, Hardiness, visando à prevenção da Síndrome de Burnout (SB). O objetivo principal foi realizar o diagnóstico situacional utilizando a Escala Hardiness em profissionais de Enfermagem do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP). Está apoiado em bases conceituais nas quais a Enfermagem é um dos grupos com mais expostos à Síndrome de Burnout, a qual se caracteriza pelo estresse crônico relacionado ao trabalho, ocasionando o adoecimento físico e psíquico, e comprometendo os resultados do trabalho. As estratégias pessoais eficazes podem significar mais resistência ao estresse, denominado Hardy personality ou Hardiness, ou seja, personalidade resistente. Para a qual há três dimensões de estimativa: compromisso, controle e desafio. Metodologia: estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, cuja amostra foram 171 profissionais de Enfermagem do contexto hospitalar, no período de abril a outubro de 2016. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se a Escala Hardiness, tipo Likert, composta por 30 itens Resultados: somente três (1,8%) dos profissionais possuem Hardiness elevado no referido hospital, enquanto os demais profissionais têm alta pontuação no escore compromisso e baixo no escore desafio. As correlações foram apresentadas em 05 (cinco) dimensões de análise que compõem este estudo. Ou seja, perfil sociodemográfico da amostra, associação dos domínios de Hardiness com variáveis qualitativas nominais, associação dos domínios de Hardiness com variáveis qualitativas ordinais e quantitativas, análise descritiva de escores dos domínios de Hardiness, associação dos profissionais de Hardiness elevado com variáveis qualitativas nominais e ordinais e quantitativas. Conclusão: o produto de pesquisa apresentado no estudo como um "Diagnóstico Situacional de Hardiness de profissionais de Enfermagem‖ apoiará medidas preventivas na instituição

The object and the main topic of this research aims to conduct a situational diagnosis of the staff nurses of a university hospital in connection with the resistant personality, Hardiness. In order to address the Burnout Syndrome prevention (SB) and management, the situational diagnosis was performed using the Hardiness Scale to assess staff nurses at Antônio Pedro University Hospital (HUAP). It is supported by conceptual basis where Nursing is one of the groups most exposed to Burnout Syndrome, which main characteristic is chronic stress related to work, causing physical and psychic illnesses, and compromising the job performance outcomes. Effective personal strategies lead to more stress resistance, called Hardy personality or Hardiness, to which there are three estimation of dimensions: commitment, control and challenge. Methodology: a descriptive and exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, and a sample of 171 nurses in hospital environment, from April to October 2016. A 30-item Hardiness Scale, Likert type, was used for collecting data. Results: only three (1.8%) of the professionals have high Hardiness in the mentioned hospital, whereas the other professionals have high level on commitment and low level on challenge. The correlations were presented in 05 (five) dimensions of analysis, which this study is consisted of. That is, the sample socio-demographic profile, association of Hardiness domains with nominal qualitative variables, association of Hardiness domains with ordinal and quantitative qualitative variables, descriptive analysis of Hardiness domain levels, association of Hardiness professionals with nominal qualitative variables, and Ordinal and quantitative. Conclusion: the research findings presented in the study as "Situational Diagnosis of Hardiness among staff nurses" will support preventive measures in the institution

El tema de este estudio se trata de la elaboración de un diagnóstico de la situación de los profesionales de enfermería en un hospital universitario en relación con la personalidad resistente, Hardiness, para la prevención del Síndrome de Burnout (SB). El principal objetivo era hacer el diagnóstico de situación con el profesional de enfermería utilizando la Escala de Hardiness en el Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro (HUAP). Se apoya en las bases conceptuales en que la enfermería es uno de los grupos más expuestos al agotamiento, el síndrome que se caracteriza por el estrés laboral crónico, que causa la enfermedad física y mental, y compromentiendo los resultados del trabajo. Las estrategias efectivas personales pueden significar más resistencia al estrés, llamada personalidad resistente, Hardiness, es decir, el carácter resiliente. Para lo cual existen tres dimensiones estimadas: compromiso, control y reto. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo, cuya muestra fueron 171 profesionales de enfermería del hospital de contexto, de abril a octubre de 2016. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la Escala de Hardiness, Likert, que consta de 30 artículos Resultados: sólo tres (1,8%) de los profesionales tienen un alto Hardiness en el hospital, mientras que los otros profesionales tienen puntuaciones más altas en el compromiso y la puntuación baja en desafío. Las correlaciones se presentan en 05 dimensiones (cinco) de análisis que componen este estudio. Es decir, el perfil sociodemográfico de la muestra, la asociación de dominios Hardiness con variables cualitativas nominales, la asociación de las zonas de Hardiness con variables cuantitativas y cualitativas ordinales, análisis descriptivo de las puntuaciones del dominio de la resistencia, la asociación de profesionales de alta hardiness con variables cualitativas nominales y ordinales y cuantitativas. Conclusión: el producto de la investigación presentada en el estudio como medidas preventivas de apoyo a los profesionales de enfermería "Diagnóstico situacional de Hardiness 'en la institución

Voice Formants in Individuals With Congenital, Isolated, Lifetime Growth Hormone Deficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the voice formants (F1, F2, F3, and F4 in Hz) of seven oral vowels, in Brazilian Portuguese, [a, ε, e, i, ɔ, o, and u] in adult individuals with congenital lifetime untreated isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD). STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Acoustic analysis of isolated vowels was performed in 33 individuals with IGHD, age 44.5 (17.6) years (16 women), and 29 controls, age 51.1 (17.6) years (15 women). RESULTS: Compared with controls, IGHD men showed higher values of F3 [i, e, and ε], P = 0.006, P = 0.022, and P = 0.006, respectively and F4 [i], P = 0.001 and lower values of F2 [u], P = 0.034; IGHD women presented higher values of F1 [i and e] P = 0.029 and P = 0.036; F2 [ɔ] P = 0.006; F4 [ɔ] P = 0.031 and lower values of F2 [i] P = 0.004. IGHD abolished most of the gender differences in formant frequencies present in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital, severe IGHD results in higher values of most formant frequencies, suggesting smaller oral and pharyngeal cavities. In addition, it causes a reduction in the effect of gender on the structure of the formants, maintaining a prepubertal acoustic prediction.

Hearing status in adult individuals with lifetime, untreated isolated growth hormone deficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hearing status of growth hormone (GH)-naive adults with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) belonging to an extended Brazilian kindred with a homozygous mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Divisions of Endocrinology and Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal University of Sergipe. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six individuals with IGHD (age, 47.6 ± 15.1 years; 13 women) and 25 controls (age, 46.3 ± 14.3 years; 15 women) were administered a questionnaire on hearing complaints and hearing health history. We performed pure-tone audiometry, logoaudiometry, electroacoustic immittance, and stapedial reflex. To assess outer hair cell function in the cochlea, we completed transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). To assess the auditory nerve and auditory brainstem, we obtained auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). RESULTS: Misophonia and dizziness complaints were more frequent in those with IGHD than in controls (P = .011). Patients with IGHD had higher thresholds at 250 Hz (P = .005), 500 Hz (P = .006), 3 KHz (P = .008), 4 KHz (P = .038), 6 KHz (P = .008), and 8 KHz (P = .048) and mild high-tones hearing loss (P = .029). Stapedial reflex (P < .001) and TEOAEs (P = .025) were more frequent in controls. There were no differences in ABR latencies. Hearing loss in patients with IGHD occurred earlier than in controls (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Compared with controls of the same area, subjects with untreated, congenital lifetime IGHD report more misophonia and dizziness, have predominance of mild high-tones sensorineural hearing loss, and have an absence of stapedial reflex and TEOAEs.

Demystifying Septoplasty in Children

Introduction: Septum deviation in children may alter the early physiologic process of breathing, causing obligatory oral breathing and consequently changing craniofacial development and even intellect. Because of these consequences, septoplasty should be performed as early as possible. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study reviewed the results of septoplasty in 40 children under 12 years old who had follow-up after surgery for a maximum period of 7 years. The research was submitted to the ethics committee and approved with protocol number 10331912.0.0000.0058. Results: Forty patients underwent septoplasty, 39 (97.5%) had cauterization of inferior turbinate and associated procedure, 20 (50%) had adenotonsillectomy, and 17 (42.5%) had adenoidectomy. Conclusion: Nasal septum deviation should be corrected early to provide the harmonious growth of the face and to enable normal development of the child, without the occurrence of nasal deformity.

Demystifying septoplasty in children.

Introduction Septum deviation in children may alter the early physiologic process of breathing, causing obligatory oral breathing and consequently changing craniofacial development and even intellect. Because of these consequences, septoplasty should be performed as early as possible. Materials and Methods The retrospective study reviewed the results of septoplasty in 40 children under 12 years old who had follow-up after surgery for a maximum period of 7 years. The research was submitted to the ethics committee and approved with protocol number 10331912.0.0000.0058. Results Forty patients underwent septoplasty, 39 (97.5%) had cauterization of inferior turbinate and associated procedure, 20 (50%) had adenotonsillectomy, and 17 (42.5%) had adenoidectomy. Conclusion Nasal septum deviation should be corrected early to provide the harmonious growth of the face and to enable normal development of the child, without the occurrence of nasal deformity.

Dacriocistorrinostomia endoscópica: nossa experiência e revisão de literatura / Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: our experience and literature review

Objetivo: Apresentar nossa experiência em dacriocistorrinostomia endoscópica, discutindo os resultados com os encontrados na literatura. Métodos: O material desse estudo consistiu de 16 dacricistorrinostomias realizadas em 12 pacientes acompanhados no período de 2009 a 2011. Analisamos sexo, idade no momento da cirurgia, etiologia da dacriocistite, quadro clínico, número de cirurgias necessárias para a correção, seguimento pós-operatório. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino em relação ao masculino (5:1) com idades entre 8 e 71 anos, com média de 35,2 anos. Com relação à etiologia, oito foram classificados como idiopáticos; três, pós-traumáticos e um iatrogênico. Os pacientes foram acompanhados em média durante o período de seis meses, com melhora dos sintomas. Apenas dois pacientes evoluíram com permanência de epífora, sendo um deles reoperado com êxito por via externa. Conclusão:A cirurgia endoscópica endonasal deve ser considerada nos pacientes com obstrução das vias lacrimais, devido ao seu alto índice de sucesso, além de ser um procedimento seguro, com menor morbidade e proporcionar melhor resultado estético.

Objective:To present our experience in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, discussing the results with those found in the literature. Methods: The material in this study consisted of sixteen surgeries performed in twelve patients followed between 2009 to 2011. We analyzed gender, age at surgery, etiology of dacryocystitis, clinical features, number of surgeries required to repair, follow-up. Results: There was a predominance of females compared to males (5:1) aged between 8 and 71 years, mean35.2 years. With regard to etiology, eight were classified as idiopathic, three, posttraumatic, and one, iatrogenic. Patients were followed on average over the period of six months, with improvement of symptoms. Only two patients had persistence of epiphora, one being reoperated successfully by external approach. Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal surgery should be considered in patients with lacrimal obstruction, due to its high success rate, besides being safe procedure with less morbidity and give better cosmetic results.

Vocal function and vocal discomfort in sheltered and non-sheltered 7- to 10-year-old school children in Aracaju, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To compare vocal function, school performance, and vocal discomfort between sheltered and nonsheltered school children in Aracaju, Brazil. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out on 7- to 10-year-old children who attended school regularly. Two groups of children were studied: the study group (SG), with children who lived in a shelter, and the control group (CG) containing children who lived with their families. We interviewed 44 children for the SG and 15 (34%) revealed vocal discomfort (SG = 15). Concomitantly, we interviewed 400 regular school children from the same geographical area and 45 (11.25%) were selected for the control group (CG). They were paired by sex and age with the sheltered children using a 3:1 ratio. Both groups were interviewed about school performance and vocal discomfort and were evaluated using perceptual and acoustic measurements for the voice and larynx. RESULTS: Children from both groups had started public school late. There were more individuals with vocal discomfort in the SG and individuals in this group also had a slower speech rate and inadequate pneumophonic coordination compared with the CG. The Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) revealed mild-moderate deviation for both groups. Upper harmonics and palatal tonsil hypertrophy were higher in the CG, whereas laryngeal constriction was more common in the SG. CONCLUSION: All the SG children revealed mild-moderate deviance on the DSI, a higher level of vocal discomfort, a slow speech rate, inadequate pneumophonic coordination, and laryngeal constriction. The results here presented suggest that social conditions are important for voice behavior in children.

Voice performance evaluation of street children from Aracaju, Brazil using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the voice performance of children involved in street labor with regular children using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out on 7- to 10-year-old children of both genders. Children from both groups lived with their families and attended school regularly; however, child labor was evident in one group and not the other. A total of 200 potentially eligible street children, assisted by the Child Labor Elimination Programme (PETI), and 400 regular children were interviewed. Those with any vocal discomfort (106, 53% and 90, 22.5%) had their voices assessed for resonance, pitch, loudness, speech rate, maximum phonation time, and other acoustic measurements. RESULTS: A total of 106 street children (study group [SG]) and 90 regular children (control group [CG]) were evaluated. The SG group demonstrated higher oral and nasal resonance, reduced loudness, a lower pitch, and a slower speech rate than the CG. The maximum phonation time, fundamental frequency, and upper harmonics were higher in the SG than the CG. Jitter and shimmer were higher in the CG than the SG. CONCLUSION: Using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses, we determined that there were differences in voice performance between the two groups, with street children having better quality perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters than regular children. We believe that this is due to the procedures and activities performed by the Child Labor Elimination Program (PETI), which helps children to cope with their living conditions.

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Our experience and literature review

Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare, highly vascular, and histologically benign tumor, generally observed in male adolescents. It shows very aggressive behavior due to local invasiveness and is associated with various symptoms. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma originates in the sphenopalatine forame, causing epistaxes and nasal obstruction. Objective: To retrospectively describe our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Scientific drawing: Retrospective, descriptive study conducted after approval from the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (protocol 0114.0.107.000 -11). Methods: We analyzed findings in 20 patients who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2011. Factors analyzed include patient age and gender, symptoms, stages, treatment, length of surgery, intraoperatory bleeding, postoperative need for nasal tampons, hospitalization time, complications, and tumor recurrence. Results: Patients were aged 10-29 years. All patients were treated surgically, including 17 who underwent endoscopic surgery. The mean operation time was 120 min, and the mean bleeding volume was 300 mL. Seventeen patients required clamping of the external carotids and tumor embolization. Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery alone or with other conventional techniques was safe for the treatment of angiofibromas of different stages...

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Our experience and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare, highly vascular, and histologically benign tumor, generally observed in male adolescents. It shows very aggressive behavior due to local invasiveness and is associated with various symptoms. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma originates in the sphenopalatine forame, causing epistaxes and nasal obstruction. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively describe our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Scientific drawing: Retrospective, descriptive study conducted after approval from the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (protocol 0114.0.107.000 -11). METHODS: We analyzed findings in 20 patients who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2011. Factors analyzed include patient age and gender, symptoms, stages, treatment, length of surgery, intraoperatory bleeding, postoperative need for nasal tampons, hospitalization time, complications, and tumor recurrence. RESULTS: Patients were aged 10-29 years. All patients were treated surgically, including 17 who underwent endoscopic surgery. The mean operation time was 120 min, and the mean bleeding volume was 300 mL. Seventeen patients required clamping of the external carotids and tumor embolization. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgery alone or with other conventional techniques was safe for the treatment of angiofibromas of different stages.

Cochlear implants: our experience and literature review

Introduction: Cochlear Implants are important for individuals with severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: Evaluate the experience of cochlear implant center of Otorhinolaryngology through the analysis of records of 9 patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective study performed with the patients records. Number 0191.0.107.000-11 ethics committee approval. We evaluated gender, etiology, age at surgery, duration of deafness, classification of deafness, unilateral or bilateral surgery, intraoperative and postoperative neural response and impedance of the electrodes in intraoperative and preoperative tests and found those that counter-indicated surgery. Results: There were 6 pediatric and 3 adult patients. Four male and 5 female. Etiologies: maternal rubella, cytomegalovirus, ototoxicity, meningitis, and sudden deafness. The age at surgery and duration of deafness ranged from 2 - 46 years and 2 - 18 years, respectively. Seven patients were pre-lingual. All had profound bilateral PA. There were 7 bilateral implants. Intraoperative complications: hemorrhage. Complications after surgery: vertigo and internal device failure. In 7 patients the electrodes were implanted through. Telemetry showed satisfactory neural response and impedance. CT and MRI was performed in all patients. We found enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct in a patient and incudomalleolar malformation. Conclusion: The cochlear implant as a form of auditory rehabilitation is well established and spreading to different centers specialized in otoaudiology. Thus, the need for structured services and trained professionals in this type of procedure is clear...

Cochlear implants: our experience and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Cochlear Implants are important for individuals with severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the experience of cochlear implant center of Otorhinolaryngology through the analysis of records of 9 patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective study performed with the patients records. Number 0191.0.107.000-11 ethics committee approval. We evaluated gender, etiology, age at surgery, duration of deafness, classification of deafness, unilateral or bilateral surgery, intraoperative and postoperative neural response and impedance of the electrodes in intraoperative and preoperative tests and found those that counter-indicated surgery. RESULTS: There were 6 pediatric and 3 adult patients. Four male and 5 female. Etiologies: maternal rubella, cytomegalovirus, ototoxicity, meningitis, and sudden deafness. The age at surgery and duration of deafness ranged from 2-46 years and 2-18 years, respectively. Seven patients were pre-lingual. All had profound bilateral PA. There were 7 bilateral implants. Intraoperative complications: hemorrhage. Complications after surgery: vertigo and internal device failure. In 7 patients the electrodes were implanted through. Telemetry showed satisfactory neural response and impedance. CT and MRI was performed in all patients. We found enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct in a patient and incudomalleolar malformation. CONCLUSION: The cochlear implant as a form of auditory rehabilitation is well established and spreading to different centers specialized in otoaudiology. Thus, the need for structured services and trained professionals in this type of procedure is clear.

Characteristics and professional use of voice in street children in Aracaju, Brazil.

The objective of the study was to evaluate voice characteristics of children engaged in street selling, which involves an essentially professional use of voice in this population. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out. A randomly chosen sample of 200 school children with a history of street selling assisted by public social services and 400 school children without this experience was selected. Seven- to 10-year-old children of both sexes were studied. Both groups were interviewed and given vocal assessment (auditory-perceptual assessment and spectrographic acoustic measures) and otorhinolaryngological evaluation (physical and videonasolaryngoscopic examination). Children with abnormal results in both groups were compared using chi(2) (Chi-squared test). The significance level was established at 5% (P<0.05). Voice problems were detected more frequently in working children (106-53%) than in regular school children (90-22.5%). The control group achieved better school performance as more children in this group attend school regularly than street children, although age-for-grade deficit was similar. The control group had more access to medical visits (80-40%) and treatment with a doctor (34-17%). Language assessment has shown that the control group had more dysphonia (73-37%) and myofunctional orofacial disorders (20-10%). Street children had more normal voice but had more nasal disorders and greater glottal closure than the school control group. Voice disorders were present in both groups, but less frequently in street children. Although subject to inadequate living conditions, street children had better voice quality than the control group. An explanation could be that by adapting their voice professionally for selling goods in the streets, they developed adequate resilience to their difficult living conditions.

Laryngeal and vocal evaluation in untreated growth hormone deficient adults.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the consequences of lifetime, severe and untreated isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) on vocal and laryngeal function. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 23 IGHD adult subjects and 22 controls were administered a questionnaire about vocal complaints and harmful voice habits, and underwent videolaryngostroboscopic examination, voice evaluation by perceptual-auditory analysis with GRBAS scale including grade of dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, asthenia and strain items, objective voice evaluation by maximum phonation time (MPT), and acoustic analysis. RESULTS: There was no difference in vocal complaints between IGHD subjects and controls. Vocal abuse and smoking were more frequent in IGHD subjects. IGHD subjects presented higher values for roughness, breathiness, and strain. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) signs and laryngeal constriction were more frequent in IGHD individuals. MPT was similar in the two groups. Fundamental frequency was higher in IGHD females and males. Harmonic to noise ratio was higher in IGHD in both genders and shimmer was lower in IGHD females. CONCLUSIONS: IGHD subjects have higher prevalence of signs of LPR and laryngeal constriction, with high pitch in both genders, which suggests a prominent role of IGHD on these parameters.